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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a class of glycosaminoglycans that are covalently attached to proteins to form proteoglycans. Chondroitin sulfate is widely distributed in the extracellular matrix and cell surface of animal tissues. The sugar chain consists of the polymerization of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine, and is connected to the serine residue of the core protein by a sugar-like link region.

Although the structure of the main chain of the polysaccharide is not complex, it is highly heterogeneous in terms of the degree of sulfation, the sulfate group, and the distribution of the two differences in iso-uronic acid in the chain. The fine structure of chondroitin sulfate determines its functional specificity and interaction with a variety of protein molecules.