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The mechanism of cephalosporin is the same as that of penicillin. It mainly exerts antibacterial effect by interfering with the synthesis of peptidoglycan, the main component of the bacterial cell wall. The first generation of cephalosporins mainly acts on aerobic gram-positive cocci, including methicillin-sensitive staphylococci, β-hemolytic streptococcus and pneumococcus, but methicillin-resistant staphylococci, penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus is resistant to it; it also has certain antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacilli such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis (indole negative); it also has antibacterial activity against oral anaerobes; commonly used The varieties include cefazolin, cephalexin and cefradine, of which cefazolin has mild nephrotoxicity.