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Bortezomib is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as proteasome inhibitors. It is primarily used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, a type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow, as well as certain types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Bortezomib works by inhibiting the activity of proteasomes, which are cellular complexes responsible for breaking down proteins that are damaged or no longer needed by the cell. By blocking proteasome function, bortezomib disrupts the normal protein degradation process, leading to the accumulation of toxic proteins within the cancer cells. This buildup ultimately triggers cell death, inhibits cell division, and reduces the growth and spread of cancer.In the treatment of multiple myeloma, bortezomib is typically used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs, such as melphalan and prednisone. It may also be used in patients who have not responded to other treatments or have relapsed after previous therapies. Bortezomib can be administered through intravenous injection or subcutaneous (under the skin) injection, depending on the specific treatment regimen.Apart from multiple myeloma, bortezomib has also been approved for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma, a rare and aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It may be used as part of the initial treatment or in patients who have relapsed. In this setting, bortezomib can be combined with other chemotherapy drugs or used as a single agent.Like any medication, bortezomib can cause side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, low blood cell counts, peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage), and an increased risk of infections. Some patients may also experience allergic reactions or liver toxicity. Close monitoring and supportive care are essential to manage these potential side effects.Overall, bortezomib has revolutionized the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Its unique mechanism of action and effectiveness in combination with other drugs have significantly improved outcomes for patients with these diseases. Ongoing research continues to explore its use in other types of cancer and to uncover potential new indications for this valuable medication.